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] U.S. laws in the 1990s restricted batteries from containing mercury with the exception of silver-oxide cells, which use a small amount of mercury and lead to prevent corrosion. Silver-oxide cells, or button cells, are primarily used in wristwatches, toys and medical devices. Vermont, Rhode Island, Maine, Louisiana and Connecticut are in the process of banning the shipment of these mercury cells. Mercury is a heavy metal toxic to humans and wildlife because it affects the immune, enzyme and nervous systems.
Hitachi Maxell, the Japanese parent company, was one of the first companies to develop and sell the mercury-free cells in 2005 in Japan. The company is now manufacturing the product for the U.S. market, said Robert Meadows, Maxell's national sales manager for the OEM battery as Sony VGN-FZ Adapter, Sony PCG-505F Adapter, Sony PCG-R505 Adapter, Sony PCG-SR Adapter, Sony VGN-NR Adapter, Sony VGN-FZ11Z Adapter, Sony PCG-VX88 Adapter, Sony PCG-Z1A1 Adapter, Sony PCG-Z505HE Adapter, Sony VGN-AR Adapter
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"We were ahead of the curve because we had been providing [the zero-mercury] product in Japan for many years even before the states started to implement it," Meadows said. "We are always aware of these environmental things, and we take it very seriously on a corporate level."
This new button cell costs slightly more to manufacture, Meadows said, because it requires precise techniques to ensure the same battery life as the mercury button cells. The price difference was not disclosed.
Other companies have also developed mercury-free button cells including Sony and Renata, a division of Swatch. U.S. battery manufacturers like Energizer and Duracell voluntarily committed to eliminating mercury in button cells by 2011. From 2001 to 2007, the battery industry reduced the mercury sold in batteries from 2.8 to 2.1 tons according to the Interstate Mercury Education & Reduction Clearinghouse.
Maine led the mercury-free initiative beginning in 2005 when the state Legislature worked with battery manufacturers to create a five-year deadline for removing mercury from button cells. John James, an environmental specialist in Maine's Department of Environmental Protection, said the state is trying to reduce the amount of mercury emitted into the environment.
"When the batteries get incinerated, the mercury gets emitted into the atmosphere," he said. "The mercury battery industry puts out at least 2 tons of mercury [annually]. We think nationally if we can go mercury free, it reduces it in the environment and high levels of mercury in fish."
Maxell plans to phase out the mercury cells by the end of the year, because of the difficulty of producing the two types of cells in its factory, Meadows said. The company developed the zero-mercury, zero-lead button cell by using an original cathode anti-corrosion technology with a corrosion-resistant zinc alloy.
New Jersey has no plans to enact a similar law banning the batteries, according to the state Department of Environmental Protection.
"Eventually everything is going to require some sort of mercury elimination," Meadows said. "Whether it gets to full legislative approval within all states, I'm not sure, but the idea certainly makes sense from an environmental point of view."
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